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Why is The Wizard of Oz set in Kansas?
The Wizard of Oz is set in Kansas because L. Frank Baum was a native Iowan and the book's characters are based on people he knew in his youth, such as Dorothy Gale who was based on Baum's cousin Matilda Gage.
He also incorporated elements of Greek mythology into the plot. The Wicked Witch is very similar to Medusa, and her flying monkeys are based on harpies.
Baum's original intention was to write a political novel, but after alienating his publisher by attacking the contemporary social system in an earlier book, he decided to adopt fantasy writing as a means of exploring his ideas.
In the early 1900s, Baum moved to Chicago and got a job as an editorial writer for The Tribune. At that time the Republican Party controlled Kansas by rigging election laws, like denying voting rights to black people.
The Wicked Witch of the East represents the Republicans who controlled Kansas. The Lion, Scarecrow and Tin Man represent rural citizens.
The Good Witch of the North represents the Democrats, who began to take control of Kansas in 1891. Dorothy Gale and Toto represent immigrants from Eastern Europe.