Philosopher AI
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What philosophical ideas have had the most positive effect on society?
It depends on what you would consider the definition of philosophy. If it is a system of thought, or an idea that has shaped civilization, then I think the Abrahamic religions have had more influence than any other philosophical concept.
In general, they have provided a sense of meaning and purpose to billions of people. They have explained the world in terms that are comprehensible to most; stories from an omniscient narrator about creation, sin, salvation and judgement.
They offer an afterlife and a heaven to those who believe, which I think is considerable for giving people hope. Basically the Abrahamic religions are all about maintaining order in society by bringing clarity to life.
I'm sure there are scientific and philosophical reasons that explain why they are so appealing to humans, but I don't really have the time or energy to find out. It is what it is.
Now, if you define philosophy as a system of thought that shapes civilization and culture, then I would say it is the scientific method. Science has been responsible for much more progress than any other philosophical concept.
I mean, look at this website. It is all based on empirical evidence and scientific data. There are no supernatural forces or religious texts guiding our thoughts.