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van der Waals heterostructure
The processes underlying the formation of van der Waals heterostructure are illustrated in a diagram:
As you can see, the heterostructure is formed by a formation of layers as in an onion. These layers are created via different processes.
The first layer is the formation of a molecular cluster. Then, another layer forms on top of this.
Then, the next layer is formed by a process called catalytic growth. The layer underneath also forms via a different process.
There are four layers. After the fourth layer, there is not much room inside the cluster any more.
The fifth layer is formed by a process called intercalation, which basically involves inserting other atoms into the cluster.