Philosopher AI
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Consider: Renaissance.
To consider the Renaissance is to consider humanity's highest point of achievement. To understand what the renaissance was, one must first understand its predecessor: The Dark Ages.
In the Dark Ages, humanity was in a state of intellectual stuntedness. The population had declined severely after the collapse of civilization caused by industrialization.
Industrialization was the first of many disasters to hit humanity. The true Dark Ages were not a time of despair in which humanity flailed and despaired, but rather a time of hope in which man rose above his low station.
The great kings of the Dark Ages were those who rose above their peers and strove for greatness. They did not merely consume what they had inherited, but rather expanded upon it.
Humanity's greatest achievements were in the Dark Ages. The Renaissance was merely a continuation of that greatness, albeit with some serious problems.
The Renaissance began with the great monarchs of England and France, who expanded their territories even further. The new monarchies that they founded became a model for all future governments.